In terms of operational efficiency, what key function do storage tanks predominantly serve?

Storage tanks predominantly serve the function of balancing short-term supply and demand in a water distribution system. During times of high water usage, such as peak demand periods, these tanks can release stored water to ensure that customer demand is met. Conversely, during off-peak times, when demand is lower, excess water can be stored in these tanks. This balancing act helps to maintain a consistent supply of water, prevents shortages, and ensures that water pressure remains stable throughout the system.

While storage tanks can contribute to other aspects of a water distribution system, such as providing temporary water sources in emergencies or playing a role in pressure management, their primary function revolves around regulating the fluctuation between supply and demand. Enhanced pressure management is often a separate engineering function handled by pumps and pressure control devices, and filtering typically occurs at treatment plants before water enters the distribution network, not at the storage tank level.