What does 'peak demand' refer to in water supply systems?

Peak demand in water supply systems refers to the maximum momentary load placed on the system. This concept is crucial in the design and operation of water supply systems because it represents the highest level of water demand that can occur during specific periods, often influenced by factors like time of day, season, and usage patterns. Understanding peak demand helps engineers and planners ensure that the water distribution system can meet the highest needs without failure, allowing for adequate capacity and pressure throughout the network.

This definition focuses on the immediate demands placed on the system rather than average or long-term measurements. For instance, residential areas may have peak water usage in the morning or evening when people are starting or ending their day. Thus, knowing the peak demand is essential for effective resource allocation, planning the infrastructure, and ensuring the system’s reliability during times of high usage.