What is a storage tank's role in stabilizing a water distribution system?

A storage tank plays a crucial role in stabilizing a water distribution system by equalizing supply and demand fluctuations. During peak usage times, such as early mornings when many households are using water simultaneously, the demand can significantly exceed the immediate supply from the water source or treatment plant. The storage tank acts as a buffer, allowing the system to draw water during these high-demand periods while refilling when the demand is lower, thus ensuring a consistent supply of water to consumers at all times.

This function helps prevent pressure drops and ensures that adequate water supply is available, avoiding interruptions in service. Additionally, during times of emergency or unexpected demand, such as a fire or a significant leak, the tank can provide additional water quickly to meet those needs, contributing further to the stability of the distribution system.

The other options focus on different functions that may occur within a water system but do not directly address the stabilization of fluctuating supply and demand. Pressure adjustments, filtration, and firefighting capabilities are necessary components of a water distribution system but are not the primary roles of a storage tank in managing demand variations.