Which state of water occurs at temperatures below the freezing point?

The correct answer is solid. Water occurs in a solid state, commonly known as ice, when temperatures fall below the freezing point, which is 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). In this state, water molecules arrange themselves into a crystalline structure, which is characteristic of solids. This structured arrangement allows ice to maintain a fixed shape and volume.

Understanding the different states of water is crucial for various applications in water distribution systems, as each state exhibits unique properties that can affect handling, storage, and transportation. For instance, in the solid state, ice can impact infrastructure if not properly managed, leading to potential blockages in pipes or infrastructure damage due to expansion upon freezing.

The other states of water—gas, liquid, and vapor—are associated with temperatures above the freezing point. Water vapor is a gaseous form of water, which occurs at higher temperatures, while liquid water exists between the freezing and boiling points, providing essential properties for life and various industrial processes. Thus, solid is the only state of water that specifically corresponds to temperatures below freezing.